这次，感物团队与融设计图书馆团队以「木与雕版」为研究主题，探访全国多地进行考察。

 

This time, the Ugan concept team and the Rong Design Library team visited many region across the country with "Wood and engraving" as the research theme.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

考察中发现雕版主要有三个转变组成：由“材”到“板”，从“板”到“版”，以“版”到“印”，先对原材料预处理后进行雕刻，待雕刻完成后再转印的过程。根据板材变化与处理工艺可归纳为“板-雕-版-印”四部分。

 

During the investigation, it was found that there are three main changes in engraving: from “material” to “board”, “board” to “version”, “version” to “printing”, the raw materials are first pretreated and then engraved, and then the process of transfer is completed after the engraving. According to the changes in the plate and the processing technology, it can be summarized into four parts: “board-carving-plate-printing”.

 

 

 

板

 

 

一块好的木雕版是可以一直流传的，所以对于选材就非常讲究，要求质地均匀、纹理细密、不易翘裂，常见会有梨木、黄杨木、椿木、枣木、水曲柳、银杏木、桦木等。

 

A good woodcarving plate can be circulated all the time, so it is very particular about the selection of materials, requiring uniform texture, fine texture, and not easy to crack. There are common pear wood, boxwood, toon wood, jujube wood,  mandshurica, ginkgo wood, birch and so on.

 

 

 

 

 

为了使板材更稳定，需要对其进行预处理。从裁切和去皮开始，师傅会根据不同木块的特性和结构切割成所需的尺寸，通过浸泡、蒸煮、阴干等方式，使其易于保存，例如浙南地区的蓝夹缬工艺，会将选好的木材浸泡在水里达到稳定的效果。刨平后打磨成光滑的表面，方可进行下一步雕刻。

 

In order to make the sheet more stable, it needs to be pretreated.Starting from cutting and peeling, the master will cut into the required size according to the characteristics and structure of different wood blocks, and make them easy to preserve by soaking, cooking, and drying. For example, the blue Jiaxie process in southern Zhejiang will soak the selected wood in water to achieve a stable effect.After planing, it is polished to a smooth surface before the next step of engraving can be carried out.

 

 

 

雕刻时，所需的工具非常精细，不同的纹样、肌理、粗细等会有专业的雕刻工具。一块木头经历凿、刻、剔、铲、刮，从而在版面上留下不同的痕迹。

 

When carving, the tools required are very fine, and there will be professional carving tools for different patterns, textures, thicknesses, etc.A piece of wood undergoes chiseling, carving, picking, shoveling, and scraping to leave different traces on the board.

 

 

与印章理念相似，在木板上刻出反体文字或图案，上墨、覆纸、加压，从而取得正体字和图案。温州瑞安木活字、苏州桃花坞木版年画正是如此。

 

Similar to the concept of seals, reverse text or patterns are carved on wooden boards, inked, cover with paper, and pressurized to obtain positive characters and patterns.This is the case with Wenzhou Ruian wooden movable type and Suzhou Taohuawu woodcut New Year paintings.

 

 

 

 

“拱花”是中国传统水印木刻一大绝技，将宣纸覆于拱花版，垫上毛毡，再用拱花锤将版面图形砑于纸上，从而得到类似浮雕的肌理。

 

"Gonghua" is a unique skill of Chinese traditional watermark woodcut. The rice paper is covered on the Gonghua plate, padded with felt, and then the Gonghua hammer is used to add the layout graphics on the paper, so as to obtain a texture similar to relief.

 

 

 

蓝夹缬则是夹染的方式使染液达到每一个间隙进行染色转印的。

 

The blue Jiaxie is used to make the dye solution reach every gap for dyeing and transfer.

 

 

 

 

 

 

雕版技艺，刻下古韵悠长，将诗书画印融于纸绢之上，其艺术魅力与文化底蕴得以代代流传。

 

The carving technique has carved a long ancient rhyme and blended poetry, calligraphy and painting on paper and silk, and its artistic charm and cultural heritage have been passed down from generation to generation.

 

 

2023 Research Achievements in Wooden Materials Engraving

 

 

融设计图书馆和感物团队基于对木版年画、木版水印、木活字、甲马、金石篆刻、雕版拓印、模戳印花、夹缬、蓝印花布等中国传统手工艺的研究与考察，从「板- 雕 - 版 - 印」四个维度解构「雕版」的材料与工艺，得到「融研究图 · 木与雕版」手册。

 

Based on the research and investigation of traditional Chinese handicrafts such as woodcut New Year paintings, woodcut watermarks, wooden movable type, Jiama, Jinshi seal carving, engraving, die stamp printing, Jiaxie, and blue printed cloth, the Rong Design Library and the Ugan concept team deconstructed the materials and techniques of "engraving" from the four dimensions of "board-carving-plate-printing", and obtained the manual "Rong Research Map· Wood and Engraving".

 

 

 

「融研究图 · 木与雕版」手册还原了从板材处理、上样、雕刻的工序，「板」成为「版」，再通过不同转印工艺在承印物上进行印染直至获得印物的过程，对各个步骤采用的技艺以及使用的工具进行了展示，将雕版这种传统技法通过文字保留下来。

基于以上研究，融设计图书馆对传统的刷印、钤印、漏印、型染、夹染、注染等转印方式进行尝试，选用木板、石板、陶板、纸板作为板材，制作了一组雕版材料样片。

刷印：以木板为例，制作过程包括上样——木板雕刻——铲底——刷印。

 

 

 

 

钤印：由石板、陶板为板材，石板制作过程包括石板上样——石板雕刻——钤印；陶板则是在陶坯上样、雕刻后进行烧制，待浸泡处理后即可钤印。

 

 

 

 

漏印：又称孔版漏印，用纸版镂刻图形制成孔版，其特点是正刻印刷。将布面固定在版面下，在版面喷刷颜色上色、晾晒，即完成漏印。

 

型染：由纸板为板材，制成镂空版，将其覆盖在布面，刷涂由黄豆粉或糯米糊与石灰混合而成的防染剂，晾晒后反复浸染以达到理想效果，最后清理防染剂，即完成印染。

 

 

夹染：将布面对折在镂空花版中，使用夹具固定，置于染缸进行多次浸染。染液通过凹进部分进行染色，制成对称的图案，染好后风干、拆除夹具和版面，晾晒后即完成印染。

 

 

注染：将面料固定于两版中间，用固定件与夹具紧密固定，通过版面的孔洞注入染料的上色技法。待面料上色后隔水进行蒸制，拆除固定件，注染即完成。注染可多次套色，颜色丰富，层次感更强。

 

 

此次通过对雕版的研究，共同探寻传统手工艺之雕版在当代设计中的更多可能性。