The Lacquer of Traditional Chinese Handicrafts | Chinese Lacquer Floor
Natural coating material
漆树树皮被割破之后会流出白色的汁液，这个汁液就是天然、环保的涂装材料——大漆。
After the bark of the lacquer tree is cut, a white sap will flow out, which is a natural and environmentally friendly coating material—— lacquer.
“漆可用，故割之”，大漆的功能早已被发掘。道法自然的庄子便担任过“漆园吏”一职，主督一国漆事。历史进程中，大漆发展出繁多精美的髹饰工艺，在外部形态上呈现出深沉浓郁、独具光泽的视觉感受，并与其他艺术形式、意识形态等交织，进而积淀并归于浑然一体的东方传统文化精神之中，呈现出含蓄内敛、典雅庄重的气质，这也是国人对漆器的第一印象，亦是潜藏在民族潜意识中的认同。
"Lacquer is available, so cut it", the function of lacquer has long been discovered. Zhuangzi, who was Taoist representative, served as a "lacquer garden official" and supervised the lacquer affairs of a country.In the course of history, lacquer has developed a variety of exquisite ornamental craftsmanship, showing a deep and rich, unique visual feeling in the external form, and interweaving with other art forms, ideologies, etc., and then accumulating and falling into the spirit of oriental traditional culture, showing a subtle and introverted, elegant and solemn temperament, which is also the first impression of the Chinese people on lacquerware, and it is also the identity hidden in the national subconscious.
古代中国的人与自然的关系一直紧密相连，自然万物为人们提供衣、食、住、行的原材料，人的生存生活依赖于自然，“天人合一”的思想也渐渐建立。古人对于漆的重视与应用，正是源于这样的“自然而然”的观念。
The relationship between man and nature in ancient China has always been closely linked, and all things in nature provide people with raw materials for clothing, food, shelter and transportation, and people's survival and life depend on nature, and the idea of "the unity of heaven and man" has gradually been established. The ancients' attention and application of lacquer stemmed from such a "natural" concept.
Translation of traditional techniques
为了将这种传承千年的古老技法保留下来，并实现当代性转译，2021年，感物独家支持融设计图书馆，以“木材料之大漆”为主题，展开了『中国传统手工艺材料之木材料研究计划』新一阶段的探索与研究。并将大漆材料和工艺进行解构，制成了关于“大漆”、“漆与木”的研究地图。
In order to preserve this ancient technique that has been passed down for thousands of years and realize contemporary translation, in 2021, Ugan concept exclusively supported the Rong Design Library to launch a new stage of exploration and research of the "Wood Material Research Project for Traditional Chinese Handicraft Materials" with the theme of "Lacquer of Wood Materials". The materials and processes of lacquer were deconstructed to make a research map on "lacquer" and "lacquer and wood".
“大漆”、“漆与木”研究地图
感物与融设计图书馆团队曾多次前往中国中西部林区考察大漆，从源头对漆液的采集、炼制熟成，以及漆液在木胎体上的髹涂效果进行了系统性的实地考察与学术研究。
Ugan concept and Rong design library team has visited the forest areas of central and western China many times to investigate lacquer, and conducted systematic field investigations and academic research on the collection, refining and aging of lacquer liquid from the source, and the coating effect of lacquer liquid on wood carcass.
在“木材料之大漆”的研究中，研究团队从大漆的“粘合、涂层、成型、填补”等角度出发，运用平面、立体、镶嵌等髹饰技法，与木材及其他扩展材料进行了试验与观察。
In the study of "lacquer for wood materials", the research team conducted experiments and observations with wood and other extended materials from the perspective of "bonding, coating, molding, and filling" of lacquer, using flat, three-dimensional, inlay and other decorative techniques.
作为一种天然的表面涂装材料，大漆具有防水、防腐、防虫、杀菌的功效，且对酸性、盐分、潮湿有很强的耐力，在装饰器物的同时具有保护作用。作为天然粘剂，大漆能像胶水一样牢牢将材料粘合在一起，布、皮、木屑等柔软材质可通过大漆的多遍涂刷，塑造出牢固的造型；此外，也能对破损器物进行填补与修缮。
As a natural surface coating material, the lacquer has the effect of waterproof, anti-corrosion, insect-proof, sterilization, and has a strong endurance to acidity, salt, and moisture, and has a protective effect while decorating utensils. As a natural adhesive, the lacquer can firmly bond the material together like glue, and soft materials such as cloth, leather, and wood chips can be brushed many times by the lacquer to create a solid shape; in addition, the damaged utensils can also be filled and repaired.
大漆研究材料
Lacquer and wood in time
我们现在大部分看到的漆都是西方的“洋漆”，即工业合成的漆。由于大漆产量低、成本高等原因，在现代，大漆这种应用千年的传统涂料几乎已被工业漆取代。
Most of the paints we see now are Western paints, that is, industrial synthetic paints. Due to the low production and high cost of lacquer, in modern times, lacquer, a traditional paint with thousands of years of application, has almost been replaced by industrial paint.
作为地板与人接触的第一层，涂装层影响着地板表层木材的质感色泽及人对地板的触感。秉持着自然环保的追求，感物产品一直使用植物油涂装，而此次大漆产品开发中，感物将大漆这一自然材料涂刷于木地板之上。不同于工业漆涂装层的成膜效果，大漆防腐、防水、透气的特性，使其在天然无害保护木材的同时，又可以使木材自由呼吸，拥有生命力。
As the first layer of the floor in contact with people, the coating layer of floor also affects the texture and color of the wood on the surface of the floor and the touch of the floor. Adhering to the pursuit of natural environmental protection, Ugan concept products have always been painted with plant oil, and in the development of this lacquer product, Ugan concept painted lacquer, a natural material, on the wood floor. Different from the film-forming effect of the industrial paint coating layer, the anti-corrosion, waterproof and breathable characteristics of the lacquer make it naturally harmless while protecting the wood, but also make the wood breathe freely and have vitality.
根据不同的涂层次数和涂刷方式，可以得到不同表面效果的大漆地板。感物目前开发了两种工艺的大漆地板。一种是黑色亮面大漆地板，如镜面一般倒映出空间立体感。
According to different coating times and brushing methods, you can get different surface effects of the lacquer floor. Ugan concept has currently developed two processes for lacquered flooring. One is the black glossy lacquer floor, which reflects the three-dimensional sense of space like a mirror.
感物黑色亮面大漆地板
另一种哑光大漆地板，在具有耐磨性的同时，保留了木头原本的肌理感，形成透润的质感效果。每一款大漆地板均可应用于地暖安装，适宜于当代家居生活。
Another kind of matte lacquer floor, while having wear resistance, retains the original texture of the wood, forming a translucent texture effect. Each lacquer floor can be applied to underfloor heating installation, suitable for contemporary home life.
感物哑光大漆地板
感物哑光大漆地板
另外，感物也将大漆工艺运用于家具，“鞍-椅”在延续结构设计的基础上，在表面进行大漆工艺处理。
In addition, Ugan concept also applies the lacquer process to furniture, and the "AN"chair carries out the lacquer process on the surface on the basis of continuing the structural design.
大漆“鞍-椅”
同时，感物与“范邱漆研所”合作开发了限量大漆地板。“艺匠”范建军和邱凡芝曾于日本轮岛修习传统漆艺与制胎工艺，此次与感物合作，他以传统方式处理木胎、髹漆打磨，制作出古代塗大漆地板。
At the same time, Ugan concept cooperated with the "Fan and Qiu Lacquer Research Institute" to develop a limited quantity of lacquer floor. "Artistic craftsmen" Fan Jianjun and Qiu Fanzhi once practiced traditional lacquer art and tire making technology in Wajima, Japan, and this time in cooperation with Ugan concept, he treated wooden tires and paint polishing in a traditional way to produce ancient lacquer floors.
艺匠范建军
古代塗大漆地板
感物将大漆这一自然涂料应用于木地板之上，不同于机械化生产的产品，每一块大漆地板都是经匠人手工打磨，并将漆液一遍遍层叠擦拭或涂刷于木材表面，每一次上漆需要在适宜的温度、湿度以及无尘的环境下，自然晾干。随时间的流逝，大漆地板也会愈发光亮润泽、经久耐用。
Ugan concept applied this natural paint to the wood floor, different from the mechanized production of products, each piece of lacquer floor is polished by hands by the craftsman, and the paint liquid over and over again layered wipe or painted on the surface of the wood, each painting needs to be at the right temperature, humidity and dust-free environment, natural drying. Over time, lacquer floor will become brighter, more comfortable and durable.
传承一种美学与工艺，最好的方式是使其活在当下。感物将大漆这一传统手工艺材料进行当代性转译，引入日常的生活，让大漆这一树木的流动生命，还原木质地板作为一棵树的生命形态。
The best way to pass on an aesthetic and craft is to make it live in the moment. Ugan concept will be the traditional handicraft material of the lacquer for contemporary translation, into the daily life, so that the lacquer, the flow of life of the tree, restore the wood floor as a tree life form.
图片&视频｜Vincent Kuan
Pictures & Videos｜Vincent Kuan
研究支持｜融设计图书馆
Research support｜Rong Design Library
文字指导｜吕巍
Writing Guide｜Dr. Grey
艺匠｜范建军、邱凡芝
Artistic craftsmen｜Fan Jianjun Qiu Fanzhi
